eInfo HQ: National Geographic Video

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in 1998 a new corporation was founded

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its mission would be to organize all the

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world's information and make it

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universally accessible and useful it

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estimates it will take 300 years before

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it reaches that goal

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successful companies start with very

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audacious goals and there's no question

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that the Google organising all the

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world's information and making it useful

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was an audacious goal and we started

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with the web but we see our mission as

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much more than just the web we see it as

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really all of the way we communicate the

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way we think so that because there's so

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much of it who who may have started out

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as a simple search engine but today with

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applications like Android Chrome wave

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Picasa Google Apps YouTube and Google

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Ocean and now even its own smartphone

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it's become an Internet powerhouse this

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technological tsunami pours forth almost

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daily from its development teams located

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around the world in the process Google

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has become a global vacuum cleaner of

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digital data it handles an estimated 20

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petabytes of data every day that's the

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equivalent of a hundred and thirty

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billion photographs or five billion

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songs on an iPod it also deals with more

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than a billion searches per day and

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those searches leave a digital footprint

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of every person visiting the site well

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one of the interesting things about

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Google searches is that really is a

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database of intentions it is an

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incredible collection of what you are

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thinking any given moment based upon

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what you're searching for

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based upon what you're writing and

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emails and any institution who has

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access to that can have power over you

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or potentially adversely affect you

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do you know what this might be doesn't

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even know what that is Google founders

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Sergey Brin and Larry Page Wow okay I

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don't really realize what it was when I

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first saw it but this is what helped me

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see it this is what we run at the office

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that actually runs real-time and every

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one of those rising dots represents

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probably about twenty thirty searches

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there are ultimate goals to make Google

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into an all-knowing entity so this

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session is supposed to be about the

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future so I thought I'd talk the least

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briefly about it and to do the perfect

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job doing search you really have to be

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smart in fact the ultimate search engine

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would be artificial intelligence and so

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that's something we work on there's

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somewhat ironic that they use an image

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of the rogue computer how from the movie

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2001 a Space Odyssey when they are

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promoting such a benevolent message

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partly we wanted to we want to make the

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world about our place every day

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[Music]

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in just over ten years Google has become

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one of Silicon Valley's biggest and most

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unconventional players in that time has

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cultivated an image of a large but

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benign presence that public perception

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is changing when Google began to scan

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and digitize millions of books authors

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and publishers responded not with

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Harrah's butt lawsuits alleging

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copyright infringement news was launched

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Google became the target condemnation by

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the print media which accused it of

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destroying their head business and being

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responsible for plummeting circulation

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writers

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but with Google's YouTube site the music

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and television industry see a

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threatening competitor undermining their

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traditional methods of making money and

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when Google started photographing

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streets it outraged privacy advocates

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wherever or whatever Google expands into

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it always seems to be accompanied by

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disruption and upheaval and whenever

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controversy does arise Google falls back

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on a corporate motto that was born out

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of an early Google employees aversion to

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corporate speak having come from Intel

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kind of had the I don't want to work at

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a big company idea in the back of my

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head and so I was interested in

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something that would be a little bit

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more provocative and a little bit more

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interesting and maybe make people a

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little bit uncomfortable and so just

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sitting there in the meeting I was just

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trying to think of something interesting

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and so what popped into my mind was just

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don't be evil when I came in I thought

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this was a joke I thought that it was

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just a way of marketing within the

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company and in one day I was sitting in

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the room and I'll never forget we're

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having a discussion about advertising

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and one of the engineers named Ron

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pounds his fist on the table and says

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that's evil and all of a sudden

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conversation stopped it was as though

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everyone had jumped around the table and

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hid underneath it and all of a sudden it

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focused the conversation of whether this

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particular change was positive or

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negative for customers we ultimately did

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not make the change for that reason it's

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not a bad motto but it's misplaced

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because it gets increasingly difficult

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to say that one is not evil when

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thinking about the scope of different

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activities that that service providers

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are involved in it's no longer just

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search

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the search engine Google was born in

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that hotbed of technological innovation

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the computer science department at

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Stanford University Larry Page and

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Sergey Brin met as grad students in 1995

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they had much in common their fathers

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were both college profs

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and her mothers were scientists both

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were born in 1973

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well grew up with and loved anything to

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do with computers our ph.d program is

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very selective but it's not like when

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they showed up the first day I said all

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this is the smartest person I've seen in

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my life Hector Garcia Molina was one of

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Sergey Brin's advisors working with him

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on some data mining problems the one

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thing that stood out about Sergey was

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his age when I got him here as a PhD

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soon he was 19 years old so that was the

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main thing that stuck in your mind was

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when you saw him as it's just very young

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kid who knew a lot and was very smart

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sergey brin born in russia was some math

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prodigy who loves swimming and

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gymnastics Larry Page was the inventor

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looking to change the world at some

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point I don't know exactly when they

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connected and started working together

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on on the search engine they created

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their earliest search engine from

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off-the-shelf computer components some

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which they begged and borrowed from the

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University and after they maxed out

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their personal credit cards they came up

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with some ingenious solutions to their

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limited finances and then Larry

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discovered that he could get a better

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deal by buying the individual discs

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without the cases and they built their

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own machine and they got more storage

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for the same amount of money was a

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structure made of toy building blocks

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and their secret algorithm sauce which

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they called backrub they cobbled

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together a revolutionary new search

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engine one could immediately see that

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the ordering of the pages was

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substantially better than what Alta

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Vista was was was providing in the mid

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1990s Alta Vista like the majority of

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other search engines looked only at text

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ranking the results based on the number

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of times the keyword appeared

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Larry and Sergey search-engine was far

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more sophisticated with a mathematical

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algorithm that looked at the number of

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links to and from internet sites the

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more links the higher the rank

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the first search I ever typed into

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Google was Canadian exchange rate and it

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gave me exactly the right information

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than I ever could use about the Canadian

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exchange rate and so on and I was hate

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used the word blown away but I was blown

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away by the fact that I could find

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exactly what I wanted so quickly I think

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what they realized is that working on it

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in the context of a university research

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project didn't give them the scope and

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the scale that they really needed to

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make it work so they said well let's

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take a leaf let's go off do a company

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get it working and then we can come back

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and finish up the research Larry and

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Sergey were preparing to leave Stanford

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to start up their search engine company

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which by this time they registered as

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Google I'm a spelling of a mathematical

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term for one with a hundred zeros after

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meanwhile they continued to participate

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in the computer science program they had

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presented some work they had done on a

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search engine and naturally given my

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interests I wanted to be part of it

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Google had its very first employee Craig

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Silverstein a fellow PhD candidate so

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there were three of us at the beginning

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and it seemed like forever that there

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were three of us we cared a lot about

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culture fit and there are some people

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who we refused to hire even though they

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seemed technically to be a very you know

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very qualified because they just did not

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have the personality to work well with

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us

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the three Stanford post-grad students

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opened up corporate headquarters in that

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cliche of Silicon Valley a garage the

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company began to expand in January of

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00:10:06,350 --> 00:10:10,700
1999 which does a few months after they

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had started there were four other people

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at the company including Larry and

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Sergey at the time and they were renting

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half a house from someone who was still

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living there and who is now a

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vice-president at Google and the

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computer is you know if I was working in

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offices or in bedrooms if you will and

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the garage was included and we had I

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believe we had a printer there we had a

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ping-pong table there but but the whole

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company was not living in the garage

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we totally worked out of a garage and I

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made sure that we did there was maybe

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one day a month or one day every two

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months but I made sure that every soft

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when we go out into that garage and we

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would do some work there well I want to

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be able to tell people times like this

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that we started in the garage and so for

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the record we started in a garage it's

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just in a garage that had rooms in a

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house attached to it as Google outgrew

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its garage it moved corporate

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headquarters into a regular office space

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in downtown Palo Alto

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we're in Palo Alto back in those days

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it's like a restaurant town my goal was

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that we'd go to a different restaurant

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every night we'd eat out dinner all the

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time we'd eat out once all the time in

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fact the company was expanding quickly

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and soon they moved again but with few

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restaurants around this new location

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Larry and Sergey decided that would be

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more efficient and more cost-effective

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if they had their own kitchen with their

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own chef the one who was chosen had on

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his resume a student cooking for the

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band The Grateful Dead they offered me

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shares in the very beginning and I was

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very reluctant you know I talked to my

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dad about it I was like pop these guys

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want me to give them money for these

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shares a company that isn't public and

1
00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:46,970
he's like it's a scam don't believe him

1
00:11:43,879 --> 00:11:49,159
don't you give him a dime unlike other

1
00:11:46,970 --> 00:11:51,440
search sites the Google homepage was

1
00:11:49,159 --> 00:11:53,730
clean and efficient free of annoying

1
00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:55,589
banner ads and pop-ups

1
00:11:53,730 --> 00:11:57,569
every page and sergey brin watched us

1
00:11:55,589 --> 00:11:59,879
there search engine google became more

1
00:11:57,568 --> 00:12:02,248
and more popular that engine still

1
00:11:59,879 --> 00:12:04,438
wasn't translating into real money and

1
00:12:02,249 --> 00:12:06,019
they had no viable business plan to make

1
00:12:04,438 --> 00:12:08,998
google turn a profit

1
00:12:06,019 --> 00:12:10,438
our founders decided that for the

1
00:12:08,999 --> 00:12:12,778
longest time that we weren't going to

1
00:12:10,438 --> 00:12:15,118
get into the ad business however I think

1
00:12:12,778 --> 00:12:17,068
the breakthrough idea came when we said

1
00:12:15,119 --> 00:12:20,459
look why don't we just show as that are

1
00:12:17,068 --> 00:12:22,828
purely text-based and doesn't have any

1
00:12:20,458 --> 00:12:26,159
you know moving images or distracting

1
00:12:22,828 --> 00:12:28,048
stuff based on the search Google would

1
00:12:26,159 --> 00:12:31,918
provide simple ads for people to click

1
00:12:28,048 --> 00:12:34,499
through so on October 2000 goggle

1
00:12:31,918 --> 00:12:39,958
embarked on a new business online

1
00:12:34,499 --> 00:12:42,359
advertising almost immediately ad money

1
00:12:39,958 --> 00:12:43,979
started to flood in and pressure grew on

1
00:12:42,359 --> 00:12:46,589
Larry and Sergey from their venture

1
00:12:43,980 --> 00:12:52,470
capitalist investors they wanted an

1
00:12:46,589 --> 00:12:54,359
experienced CEO to run the place Larry

1
00:12:52,470 --> 00:12:56,999
and Sergey chose a seasoned veteran of

1
00:12:54,359 --> 00:12:58,918
the tech world Eric Schmidt he had

1
00:12:56,999 --> 00:13:00,869
successfully run software maker Novell

1
00:12:58,918 --> 00:13:03,838
and before that he was with Sun

1
00:13:00,869 --> 00:13:05,759
Microsystems but perhaps what was more

1
00:13:03,839 --> 00:13:07,589
important for the founders was that he

1
00:13:05,759 --> 00:13:10,168
shared with them a background as a

1
00:13:07,589 --> 00:13:13,889
computer science engineer married to a

1
00:13:10,168 --> 00:13:15,659
strong entrepreneurial Drive Google has

1
00:13:13,889 --> 00:13:18,659
taken the position that creativity

1
00:13:15,659 --> 00:13:22,259
occurs from individual entrepreneurs

1
00:13:18,659 --> 00:13:23,850
deep inside the company often who have

1
00:13:22,259 --> 00:13:26,668
an idea but don't have time to work on

1
00:13:23,850 --> 00:13:28,918
it so we invented a concept called 20%

1
00:13:26,668 --> 00:13:32,188
time and every technical person in the

1
00:13:28,918 --> 00:13:34,739
company is supposed to and we encourage

1
00:13:32,188 --> 00:13:36,088
them to spend 20% of their professional

1
00:13:34,739 --> 00:13:38,069
time on things that they find

1
00:13:36,089 --> 00:13:41,459
interesting not things that we find

1
00:13:38,068 --> 00:13:43,649
interesting employee number 23 Paul

1
00:13:41,458 --> 00:13:46,078
Buchheit who is the originator of the

1
00:13:43,649 --> 00:13:47,788
motto don't be evil was also the

1
00:13:46,078 --> 00:13:50,818
engineer who in just one day

1
00:13:47,788 --> 00:13:54,899
came up with gmail an email program used

1
00:13:50,818 --> 00:13:57,028
internally by Googlers there were a lot

1
00:13:54,899 --> 00:13:58,379
of objections even doing Gmail in the

1
00:13:57,028 --> 00:13:59,698
first place but one of the big ones was

1
00:13:58,379 --> 00:14:01,829
that there was no way to make money with

1
00:13:59,698 --> 00:14:03,058
email so there is this idea that had

1
00:14:01,828 --> 00:14:05,428
been floating around that maybe we could

1
00:14:03,058 --> 00:14:07,299
do targeted advertising for example if

1
00:14:05,428 --> 00:14:09,458
you get an email about

1
00:14:07,299 --> 00:14:12,129
a ski trip you'll get maybe an

1
00:14:09,458 --> 00:14:14,649
advertisement for for ski equipments or

1
00:14:12,129 --> 00:14:16,450
gloves or something like that he decided

1
00:14:14,649 --> 00:14:18,399
to try writing some quote to see if it

1
00:14:16,450 --> 00:14:21,009
was possible for Google computers to

1
00:14:18,399 --> 00:14:23,589
scan the Gmail messages and spit out an

1
00:14:21,009 --> 00:14:25,299
appropriate ID when I arrived the next

1
00:14:23,589 --> 00:14:27,760
day people were pretty excited about it

1
00:14:25,299 --> 00:14:30,278
and not always in a positive way some

1
00:14:27,759 --> 00:14:33,129
some people thought that it was actually

1
00:14:30,278 --> 00:14:34,689
a terrible idea when I recall from the

1
00:14:33,129 --> 00:14:38,409
meetings which occurred over about a

1
00:14:34,690 --> 00:14:40,510
year was this constant debate of what

1
00:14:38,409 --> 00:14:42,969
kind of features would advertising work

1
00:14:40,509 --> 00:14:43,629
and so forth and we ultimately decided

1
00:14:42,970 --> 00:14:46,720
to try it

1
00:14:43,629 --> 00:14:49,419
we in fact launched Gmail on April 1st

1
00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:51,339
it was seen largely as a joke the

1
00:14:49,419 --> 00:14:53,828
addition of targeted ads to Gmail in

1
00:14:51,339 --> 00:14:55,660
2004 proved to be no joke

1
00:14:53,828 --> 00:14:58,328
adding to Google's ever burgeoning

1
00:14:55,659 --> 00:15:00,730
bottom line Google had transformed

1
00:14:58,328 --> 00:15:04,899
itself into an advertising money-making

1
00:15:00,730 --> 00:15:07,000
machine now when we talk about publicity

1
00:15:04,899 --> 00:15:11,730
the Google IPO has received more

1
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:14,049
publicity than any other IPO in history

1
00:15:11,730 --> 00:15:16,420
Google was preparing for its initial

1
00:15:14,049 --> 00:15:19,059
public offering of stock it had to

1
00:15:16,419 --> 00:15:21,399
disclose a closely guarded secret that

1
00:15:19,059 --> 00:15:25,269
it had staggeringly large revenues and

1
00:15:21,399 --> 00:15:27,879
profits it took most investment

1
00:15:25,269 --> 00:15:31,990
observers by surprise and made Google a

1
00:15:27,879 --> 00:15:34,958
very attractive stock to own in Seoul

1
00:15:31,990 --> 00:15:37,360
August 19th 2004 the first day of

1
00:15:34,958 --> 00:15:39,909
trading of Google shares saw the

1
00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:42,610
creation of hundreds of freshly minted

1
00:15:39,909 --> 00:15:44,740
millionaires those early investors and

1
00:15:42,610 --> 00:15:48,459
first Google employees had struck the

1
00:15:44,740 --> 00:15:50,470
mother lode for people who get into a

1
00:15:48,458 --> 00:15:52,119
company because of the money and IPO is

1
00:15:50,470 --> 00:15:53,560
a big deal any exit strategy you're

1
00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:55,089
bought by someone else you you have a

1
00:15:53,559 --> 00:15:57,009
public offering whatever it's a big deal

1
00:15:55,089 --> 00:15:58,540
and it causes you to rethink your life

1
00:15:57,009 --> 00:16:02,769
because your dream has been achieved I'm

1
00:15:58,539 --> 00:16:03,939
doing ok I'm comfortable I am most

1
00:16:02,769 --> 00:16:07,779
people would consider me wealthy

1
00:16:03,940 --> 00:16:10,150
I consider myself wealthy

1
00:16:07,779 --> 00:16:12,639
Larry and Sergey were now way beyond

1
00:16:10,149 --> 00:16:15,730
wealthy it took just six years for them

1
00:16:12,639 --> 00:16:17,350
to become billionaires tech company

1
00:16:15,730 --> 00:16:22,750
Google had become one of the world's top

1
00:16:17,350 --> 00:16:25,450
search engines it's even made it into

1
00:16:22,750 --> 00:16:28,059
dictionaries as a verb Google as a

1
00:16:25,450 --> 00:16:30,190
technological tool has become part of

1
00:16:28,059 --> 00:16:32,139
pop culture and young people's

1
00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:34,720
perception of Google as a cross between

1
00:16:32,139 --> 00:16:36,669
a college dorm a geek heaven Queens that

1
00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:39,340
Google receives more than a million job

1
00:16:36,669 --> 00:16:41,379
applications a year you come to Google

1
00:16:39,340 --> 00:16:43,450
and first time I'm really feeling like

1
00:16:41,379 --> 00:16:45,939
everyone knows what they're doing and

1
00:16:43,450 --> 00:16:47,680
they know it better than me so just what

1
00:16:45,940 --> 00:16:58,840
does it take to be one of the chosen few

1
00:16:47,679 --> 00:17:00,639
selected to be a Google the Googleplex

1
00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:03,009
as it is known by the Googlers who

1
00:17:00,639 --> 00:17:06,059
inhabited are made to feel that they are

1
00:17:03,009 --> 00:17:06,059
the best and brightest

1
00:17:06,910 --> 00:17:11,740
deserving of the complimentary meals the

1
00:17:09,429 --> 00:17:16,689
subsidized mice to deserve Asst the free

1
00:17:11,740 --> 00:17:20,828
laundry as well as the barbershop on

1
00:17:16,689 --> 00:17:23,620
wheels I feel one of the greatest thing

1
00:17:20,828 --> 00:17:24,938
about Larry and Sergey they were really

1
00:17:23,619 --> 00:17:26,948
really smart people and they were

1
00:17:24,939 --> 00:17:28,240
brilliant but I think one of one of the

1
00:17:26,949 --> 00:17:30,370
best things that they've done is they

1
00:17:28,240 --> 00:17:32,140
also made sure that they surrounded

1
00:17:30,369 --> 00:17:33,759
themselves with the best and most

1
00:17:32,140 --> 00:17:36,700
brilliant people that they could find

1
00:17:33,759 --> 00:17:39,129
Google receives more than a million job

1
00:17:36,700 --> 00:17:41,620
applications a year however to join the

1
00:17:39,130 --> 00:17:43,780
ranks of some 20,000 worldwide Googlers

1
00:17:41,619 --> 00:17:45,808
requires passage through a grueling

1
00:17:43,779 --> 00:17:48,730
series of tests and interviews

1
00:17:45,808 --> 00:17:50,798
Roisin sent another stanford computer

1
00:17:48,730 --> 00:17:52,269
science graduate that worked at a number

1
00:17:50,798 --> 00:17:54,369
of high tech companies before

1
00:17:52,269 --> 00:17:56,259
approaching Google I probably went

1
00:17:54,369 --> 00:17:58,239
through somewhere between 10 to 15

1
00:17:56,259 --> 00:18:00,879
interviews at the time and then finally

1
00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:02,890
my last interview was with Larry and so

1
00:18:00,880 --> 00:18:04,539
you know literally I just came in one

1
00:18:02,890 --> 00:18:07,538
day and actually got to sit down in a

1
00:18:04,538 --> 00:18:09,429
Larry page's office and and interview

1
00:18:07,538 --> 00:18:12,099
with him and he asked me a bunch of

1
00:18:09,429 --> 00:18:14,830
tough questions and I didn't didn't

1
00:18:12,099 --> 00:18:16,629
quite know how I did but but apparently

1
00:18:14,829 --> 00:18:19,710
he liked me enough to the point where

1
00:18:16,630 --> 00:18:19,710
they decided to give me an offer

1
00:18:20,740 --> 00:18:24,940
among the most highly prized employees

1
00:18:22,900 --> 00:18:27,880
at Google just after computer science

1
00:18:24,940 --> 00:18:32,170
engineers our new hires called a PMS or

1
00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:35,170
associate product managers a large part

1
00:18:32,170 --> 00:18:37,058
of why Google hired associates like my

1
00:18:35,170 --> 00:18:43,090
position associate product managers out

1
00:18:37,058 --> 00:18:46,000
of school at that point was to be able

1
00:18:43,089 --> 00:18:48,009
to culture these future product managers

1
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,710
like myself in the way Google wanted

1
00:18:48,009 --> 00:18:52,690
them to behave mostly young recent

1
00:18:50,710 --> 00:18:54,940
graduates with incredibly high test

1
00:18:52,690 --> 00:18:56,769
scores they're given enormous amounts of

1
00:18:54,940 --> 00:18:58,779
responsibility and authority early in

1
00:18:56,769 --> 00:19:00,308
their career and it's we're not

1
00:18:58,779 --> 00:19:01,808
prioritizing that very hard right now

1
00:19:00,308 --> 00:19:03,160
because we don't think it's gonna be

1
00:19:01,808 --> 00:19:05,529
able to replace the personal start page

1
00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:06,220
from day one among the most recent crop

1
00:19:05,529 --> 00:19:09,039
of APM's

1
00:19:06,220 --> 00:19:10,839
is a Canadian Jeff Harris the job that

1
00:19:09,039 --> 00:19:12,789
I'm actually doing which is an associate

1
00:19:10,839 --> 00:19:14,250
product manager is kind of designed for

1
00:19:12,789 --> 00:19:17,379
people that have a technical background

1
00:19:14,250 --> 00:19:20,829
but aren't necessarily interested in

1
00:19:17,380 --> 00:19:21,880
coding day to day so what my job ends up

1
00:19:20,829 --> 00:19:23,889
being is communicating with the

1
00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:25,330
engineers who do code all the time and

1
00:19:23,890 --> 00:19:26,890
kind of just making sure that all the

1
00:19:25,329 --> 00:19:32,250
engineers are working together towards

1
00:19:26,890 --> 00:19:35,200
the same goal so I'm just turned 22 I

1
00:19:32,250 --> 00:19:37,450
mean the biggest surprise at working at

1
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:39,190
Google is probably how open it is about

1
00:19:37,450 --> 00:19:42,340
everything that we're doing so I can

1
00:19:39,190 --> 00:19:44,320
just look it up on our internal site and

1
00:19:42,339 --> 00:19:46,089
see details on every single project

1
00:19:44,319 --> 00:19:49,409
that's out there which is which is great

1
00:19:46,089 --> 00:19:49,409
from an organizational perspective

1
00:19:49,529 --> 00:19:54,609
although Google might be highly

1
00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:56,830
transparent internally it like so many

1
00:19:54,609 --> 00:19:59,199
of the other big Silicon Valley high

1
00:19:56,829 --> 00:20:01,449
tech companies is extremely sensitive

1
00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:04,000
about what outsiders are allowed to

1
00:20:01,450 --> 00:20:06,279
report on whether that be code on

1
00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,000
monitor screens or the doodles on the

1
00:20:06,279 --> 00:20:08,829
whiteboards

1
00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:10,990
which are seemingly everywhere we

1
00:20:08,829 --> 00:20:13,419
believe in having whiteboards all over

1
00:20:10,990 --> 00:20:16,029
the place and the reason for that is to

1
00:20:13,420 --> 00:20:18,070
really spur creativity so that you know

1
00:20:16,029 --> 00:20:20,079
you can you can draw things and

1
00:20:18,069 --> 00:20:24,549
communicate ideas and work with other

1
00:20:20,079 --> 00:20:29,500
people on that idea is their ability to

1
00:20:24,549 --> 00:20:30,789
publish programmatically and so a lot of

1
00:20:29,500 --> 00:20:33,789
times people will pull out their phone

1
00:20:30,789 --> 00:20:34,329
and take a picture of the whiteboard and

1
00:20:33,789 --> 00:20:36,339
send that

1
00:20:34,329 --> 00:20:38,939
there's an email you know those end up

1
00:20:36,339 --> 00:20:41,349
being part of the notes for the meeting

1
00:20:38,940 --> 00:20:43,690
besides having whiteboards and food

1
00:20:41,349 --> 00:20:46,028
stands everywhere the other striking

1
00:20:43,690 --> 00:20:50,919
feature about Google offices is the

1
00:20:46,028 --> 00:20:53,380
absence of paper we operate very much in

1
00:20:50,919 --> 00:20:55,120
a paperless manner you know one of the

1
00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:58,028
things that we've done here at Google is

1
00:20:55,119 --> 00:20:59,918
that users have laptops that they carry

1
00:20:58,028 --> 00:21:02,250
with them to the meetings that they're

1
00:20:59,919 --> 00:21:03,970
in a lot of the note-taking is done

1
00:21:02,250 --> 00:21:05,970
electronically so that it can be

1
00:21:03,970 --> 00:21:08,409
instantly shared with people an

1
00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:10,600
insatiable appetite for the new and

1
00:21:08,409 --> 00:21:12,909
innovative spanning a wide spectrum of

1
00:21:10,599 --> 00:21:16,750
technologies means Google is constantly

1
00:21:12,909 --> 00:21:18,669
on the prowl but not everything of

1
00:21:16,750 --> 00:21:21,250
course is invented at Google we also

1
00:21:18,669 --> 00:21:23,409
have teams looking for great technology

1
00:21:21,250 --> 00:21:25,538
in small companies that we can pick up

1
00:21:23,409 --> 00:21:27,700
that we can buy where they would benefit

1
00:21:25,538 --> 00:21:30,369
from the structure of Google with plenty

1
00:21:27,700 --> 00:21:32,350
of cash and stock at its disposal Google

1
00:21:30,369 --> 00:21:33,250
is able to scoop up companies it's

1
00:21:32,349 --> 00:21:35,379
interested in

1
00:21:33,250 --> 00:21:38,169
that's how YouTube became cagoule

1
00:21:35,380 --> 00:21:41,019
product I said Google Earth and Picasa

1
00:21:38,169 --> 00:21:43,690
as well as a web-based word processing

1
00:21:41,019 --> 00:21:45,669
program called rightly rightly was a

1
00:21:43,690 --> 00:21:47,380
word processor in the browser you just

1
00:21:45,669 --> 00:21:48,028
go to it as a normal website and it just

1
00:21:47,380 --> 00:21:51,070
works

1
00:21:48,028 --> 00:21:53,519
Google noticed it because we were you

1
00:21:51,069 --> 00:21:55,689
know getting a little bit of pressed

1
00:21:53,519 --> 00:21:59,230
Google bought rightly and hired its

1
00:21:55,690 --> 00:22:00,399
founders to help develop it further my

1
00:21:59,230 --> 00:22:02,829
experience has been a little bit like I

1
00:22:00,398 --> 00:22:04,538
was a kid folding up little paper boats

1
00:22:02,829 --> 00:22:06,308
in a stream somewhere and it was really

1
00:22:04,538 --> 00:22:08,619
fun and you know Daddy Warbucks wandered

1
00:22:06,308 --> 00:22:10,359
by and said kid this is great here's a

1
00:22:08,619 --> 00:22:12,099
pile of quarter-inch thick plate steel

1
00:22:10,359 --> 00:22:13,639
on an army of arc welders go build me a

1
00:22:12,099 --> 00:22:15,469
battalion of battleships

1
00:22:13,640 --> 00:22:18,149
[Music]

1
00:22:15,470 --> 00:22:19,829
Radley has morphed into Google Docs a

1
00:22:18,148 --> 00:22:21,689
word processor that moves the

1
00:22:19,829 --> 00:22:23,548
application and its data from the

1
00:22:21,690 --> 00:22:26,159
personal desktop computer to Google's

1
00:22:23,548 --> 00:22:28,349
servers it's a little bit strange it is

1
00:22:26,159 --> 00:22:30,179
strange I'm definitely you know I'm 42

1
00:22:28,349 --> 00:22:32,969
year old graybeard owl right like it's

1
00:22:30,179 --> 00:22:34,830
kind of I'm not that old but here that's

1
00:22:32,970 --> 00:22:36,569
90th percentile or so I don't know what

1
00:22:34,829 --> 00:22:40,439
it is but yeah there's a lot of young

1
00:22:36,569 --> 00:22:41,668
engineers here that it doesn't it

1
00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:43,649
doesn't bother me I think it's

1
00:22:41,669 --> 00:22:44,820
interesting to me I think of everybody

1
00:22:43,648 --> 00:22:46,949
gets to this point in their career where

1
00:22:44,819 --> 00:22:49,048
things begin to seem obvious I don't

1
00:22:46,950 --> 00:22:50,159
mind the technical culture here I'm not

1
00:22:49,048 --> 00:22:53,609
intimidated by it

1
00:22:50,159 --> 00:22:54,899
I'm very productive fierce kind of

1
00:22:53,609 --> 00:22:56,699
meat-eating coder when I'm writing code

1
00:22:54,898 --> 00:23:01,349
and they're all afraid of me so I don't

1
00:22:56,700 --> 00:23:02,788
they don't bother me I wasn't here when

1
00:23:01,349 --> 00:23:04,648
they founded it but my understanding of

1
00:23:02,788 --> 00:23:06,599
the founding conception of the culture

1
00:23:04,648 --> 00:23:08,538
is they wanted to do things and see

1
00:23:06,599 --> 00:23:11,428
things from an engineer's perspective

1
00:23:08,538 --> 00:23:13,470
from that perspective efficiency might

1
00:23:11,429 --> 00:23:18,630
very well be an engineer's prime

1
00:23:13,470 --> 00:23:20,399
directive text document in Gmail and it

1
00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:21,960
gives an error most of the team's do

1
00:23:20,398 --> 00:23:23,219
this every morning there's a stand-up

1
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:24,659
meeting it's meant to be very short as

1
00:23:23,220 --> 00:23:26,069
about 10 minutes long you're you're not

1
00:23:24,659 --> 00:23:28,429
supposed to speak for more than about a

1
00:23:26,069 --> 00:23:31,288
minute

1
00:23:28,429 --> 00:23:33,360
the pencil was the conch shell from the

1
00:23:31,288 --> 00:23:34,740
Lord of the Flies mer that line so

1
00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:36,449
that's the whoever has the pencil was

1
00:23:34,740 --> 00:23:38,308
talking that's why it's a very efficient

1
00:23:36,450 --> 00:23:39,899
meeting it took five minutes to tell the

1
00:23:38,308 --> 00:23:41,579
whole team what was going on another

1
00:23:39,898 --> 00:23:43,949
meeting where members of the Google Docs

1
00:23:41,579 --> 00:23:46,829
team get to discuss problems is during

1
00:23:43,950 --> 00:23:48,840
their weekly rightly walk I think it's

1
00:23:46,829 --> 00:23:50,788
interesting to try to do big things that

1
00:23:48,839 --> 00:23:53,158
change the world I think that's what I

1
00:23:50,788 --> 00:23:54,119
like about being at Google we want to

1
00:23:53,159 --> 00:24:05,909
change the world true we want to do

1
00:23:54,119 --> 00:24:08,069
great things you get to deal with tens

1
00:24:05,909 --> 00:24:09,600
of millions of users and you know big

1
00:24:08,069 --> 00:24:12,659
data centers and big machines and big

1
00:24:09,599 --> 00:24:15,069
engineering and it's really fun

1
00:24:12,660 --> 00:24:18,190
we're computer geeks the fun really

1
00:24:15,069 --> 00:24:20,409
began in 1977 in a Silicon Valley garage

1
00:24:18,190 --> 00:24:22,808
when two college dropouts started a

1
00:24:20,410 --> 00:24:25,210
company called Apple and launched a

1
00:24:22,808 --> 00:24:28,480
revolution the personal computer

1
00:24:25,210 --> 00:24:30,579
revolution the power of the desktop

1
00:24:28,480 --> 00:24:32,349
computer unleashed across millions of

1
00:24:30,579 --> 00:24:35,919
homes and offices around the world

1
00:24:32,349 --> 00:24:37,298
changed everything but now after more

1
00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:40,450
than a quarter of a century of

1
00:24:37,298 --> 00:24:42,509
insinuating itself into our lives the PC

1
00:24:40,450 --> 00:24:47,230
has lost pretty well all of its original

1
00:24:42,509 --> 00:24:49,660
gee-whiz luster google has set its

1
00:24:47,230 --> 00:24:51,400
sights on creating another revolution by

1
00:24:49,660 --> 00:24:54,009
eliminating the need for desktop

1
00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:56,169
computers it wants to put as much of

1
00:24:54,009 --> 00:24:59,859
that data as possible onto its own

1
00:24:56,169 --> 00:25:01,990
servers one of the things I think that's

1
00:24:59,859 --> 00:25:04,689
underappreciated is from the very

1
00:25:01,990 --> 00:25:08,679
earliest days including at Stanford they

1
00:25:04,690 --> 00:25:10,900
were great at minimizing the cost for

1
00:25:08,679 --> 00:25:13,929
putting together computer systems and

1
00:25:10,900 --> 00:25:17,370
they've carried on that ability to

1
00:25:13,929 --> 00:25:22,240
deliver a huge amount of computing power

1
00:25:17,369 --> 00:25:23,829
at a relatively low cost from its

1
00:25:22,240 --> 00:25:26,500
beginnings Google had made it a priority

1
00:25:23,829 --> 00:25:28,449
to manufacture as cheaply as possible

1
00:25:26,500 --> 00:25:31,240
all his servers and storage facilities

1
00:25:28,450 --> 00:25:34,090
to handle its fast search and logging of

1
00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:36,250
the Internet and as the Internet has

1
00:25:34,089 --> 00:25:39,240
grown so has a need for increased

1
00:25:36,250 --> 00:25:39,240
computing capacity

1
00:25:39,779 --> 00:25:45,579
well Google builds large data centers we

1
00:25:43,390 --> 00:25:46,870
use personal computer components and

1
00:25:45,579 --> 00:25:48,668
then we build a lot of specialized

1
00:25:46,869 --> 00:25:52,629
systems now to deal with the kind of

1
00:25:48,669 --> 00:25:55,750
scale that is required

1
00:25:52,630 --> 00:25:57,340
scale is at the heart of Google not only

1
00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:59,829
does Google have access to almost

1
00:25:57,339 --> 00:26:02,109
limitless computer power but perhaps of

1
00:25:59,829 --> 00:26:05,619
greater value it has accumulated a

1
00:26:02,109 --> 00:26:08,469
massive collection of data data that can

1
00:26:05,619 --> 00:26:12,008
be used for testing at a scale unseen by

1
00:26:08,470 --> 00:26:14,230
most new computer engineers my

1
00:26:12,009 --> 00:26:16,860
officemate and I were just being around

1
00:26:14,230 --> 00:26:19,298
some ideas and and we're talking about

1
00:26:16,859 --> 00:26:21,129
something that later turned into

1
00:26:19,298 --> 00:26:22,808
something close to google bookmarks and

1
00:26:21,130 --> 00:26:26,409
you know we did a little bit of math and

1
00:26:22,808 --> 00:26:28,720
said hmm that'll be about I don't know 4

1
00:26:26,409 --> 00:26:31,659
petabytes of data that doesn't seem so

1
00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:33,339
bad and and that sentence for petabytes

1
00:26:31,659 --> 00:26:35,110
of data that doesn't seem so bad is

1
00:26:33,339 --> 00:26:37,269
something that before I had been at

1
00:26:35,109 --> 00:26:38,888
Google for a month I would have been

1
00:26:37,269 --> 00:26:42,009
shocked to hear those words coming out

1
00:26:38,888 --> 00:26:44,500
of my mouth that's shocking for

1
00:26:42,009 --> 00:26:47,679
petabytes is the equivalent of 4 million

1
00:26:44,500 --> 00:26:50,019
gigabytes numbers so staggeringly large

1
00:26:47,679 --> 00:26:54,070
that it is nearly impossible for mere

1
00:26:50,019 --> 00:26:56,980
mortals to fathom as memory increases in

1
00:26:54,069 --> 00:26:58,808
capacity and decreases in price Google

1
00:26:56,980 --> 00:27:01,899
is moving into something called cloud

1
00:26:58,808 --> 00:27:04,869
computing the whole idea behind cloud

1
00:27:01,898 --> 00:27:07,418
computing is to go ahead and get

1
00:27:04,869 --> 00:27:09,250
everything on their server where the

1
00:27:07,419 --> 00:27:11,259
professionals are managing it the

1
00:27:09,250 --> 00:27:13,329
problem today is you've got all your

1
00:27:11,259 --> 00:27:15,579
stuff on your computer you drop it you

1
00:27:13,329 --> 00:27:17,829
break it you delete it it's a disaster

1
00:27:15,579 --> 00:27:20,408
well you put everything that's important

1
00:27:17,829 --> 00:27:22,240
somewhere else keep it secure keep it

1
00:27:20,409 --> 00:27:24,460
under your control it's available to you

1
00:27:22,240 --> 00:27:27,429
on every demand on every device and

1
00:27:24,460 --> 00:27:30,190
every everywhere you are the move to the

1
00:27:27,429 --> 00:27:32,740
cloud is ushering in a revolution in how

1
00:27:30,190 --> 00:27:36,970
we communicate how we work how we play

1
00:27:32,740 --> 00:27:41,349
in fact how we live people wonder what's

1
00:27:36,970 --> 00:27:43,600
gonna happen to information that is mine

1
00:27:41,349 --> 00:27:47,079
personally it's my bank records my

1
00:27:43,599 --> 00:27:48,849
health records whatever it is but I

1
00:27:47,079 --> 00:27:50,888
don't control it it's sitting out there

1
00:27:48,849 --> 00:27:52,569
somewhere on I haven't just trust

1
00:27:50,888 --> 00:27:54,039
whoever has it to not do things with it

1
00:27:52,569 --> 00:27:57,009
I wouldn't want

1
00:27:54,039 --> 00:27:58,720
is this move into the clouds opening a

1
00:27:57,009 --> 00:28:01,240
back door for governments and

1
00:27:58,720 --> 00:28:12,579
corporations to secretly access data

1
00:28:01,240 --> 00:28:14,650
about us if everyone's digital data is

1
00:28:12,579 --> 00:28:17,649
moving into computer clouds just where

1
00:28:14,650 --> 00:28:19,390
are these clouds one of them has touched

1
00:28:17,650 --> 00:28:23,019
down in the foothills of the Blue Ridge

1
00:28:19,390 --> 00:28:24,850
Mountains in North Carolina this was

1
00:28:23,019 --> 00:28:28,150
once the heartland of American furniture

1
00:28:24,849 --> 00:28:30,039
manufacturing then in the 1990s cheap

1
00:28:28,150 --> 00:28:33,040
labor from overseas siphoned off the

1
00:28:30,039 --> 00:28:36,659
jobs leaving behind a devastated economy

1
00:28:33,039 --> 00:28:39,430
and an awful lot of excess electricity

1
00:28:36,660 --> 00:28:41,560
it just so happens that computer data

1
00:28:39,430 --> 00:28:43,539
centers are voracious users of

1
00:28:41,559 --> 00:28:45,579
electricity to run the service and to

1
00:28:43,539 --> 00:28:48,819
cool vast quantities of water used for

1
00:28:45,579 --> 00:28:51,879
refrigeration the town of Eleanor had

1
00:28:48,819 --> 00:28:55,029
plenty of both and so in late 2005

1
00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:59,560
Google came calling but it came cloaked

1
00:28:55,029 --> 00:29:02,230
in secrecy from Google's perspective at

1
00:28:59,559 --> 00:29:04,480
least as I understood it it was that the

1
00:29:02,230 --> 00:29:07,210
Rays to build these data centers is so

1
00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:10,870
intense and the information at least

1
00:29:07,210 --> 00:29:14,009
they see it is so proprietary that they

1
00:29:10,869 --> 00:29:17,699
didn't want any of their competitors to

1
00:29:14,009 --> 00:29:20,410
get wind of what they were doing

1
00:29:17,700 --> 00:29:22,930
TJ Rohr is a lawyer and a member of the

1
00:29:20,410 --> 00:29:25,860
Lenoir City Council who was involved in

1
00:29:22,930 --> 00:29:28,660
the closed-door negotiations with Google

1
00:29:25,859 --> 00:29:30,189
they would reveal information to us that

1
00:29:28,660 --> 00:29:31,870
we couldn't reveal to anyone else

1
00:29:30,190 --> 00:29:34,570
Google definitely had an attitude like

1
00:29:31,869 --> 00:29:36,429
look it's our way or the highway

1
00:29:34,569 --> 00:29:37,809
this is the term well these are the

1
00:29:36,430 --> 00:29:38,100
terms were offering take them or leave

1
00:29:37,809 --> 00:29:40,389
them

1
00:29:38,099 --> 00:29:42,219
desperate local and state officials are

1
00:29:40,390 --> 00:29:43,900
more than ready to reach a deal that

1
00:29:42,220 --> 00:29:46,750
would bring Google to this devastated

1
00:29:43,900 --> 00:29:49,500
County they offered Google a 30 year tax

1
00:29:46,750 --> 00:29:53,099
break on property and equipment

1
00:29:49,500 --> 00:29:57,539
it was worth an estimated 165 million

1
00:29:53,099 --> 00:30:00,419
dollars over a 30-year period from these

1
00:29:57,539 --> 00:30:02,879
digital warehouses estimated to cost 600

1
00:30:00,420 --> 00:30:05,700
million dollars apiece flows a stream of

1
00:30:02,880 --> 00:30:08,400
data here are the emails the photographs

1
00:30:05,700 --> 00:30:10,650
the music the videos the maps and the

1
00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:15,090
searches that have made Google a data

1
00:30:10,650 --> 00:30:17,220
collecting powerhouse Google does not

1
00:30:15,089 --> 00:30:19,709
divulge how many server farms runs

1
00:30:17,220 --> 00:30:21,420
worldwide but it is rumored that there

1
00:30:19,710 --> 00:30:24,390
are some three dozen of them around the

1
00:30:21,420 --> 00:30:27,090
globe all digitally connected and I'll

1
00:30:24,390 --> 00:30:31,590
firmly planted on land but that might

1
00:30:27,089 --> 00:30:33,949
change Google has filed a patent to

1
00:30:31,589 --> 00:30:36,329
build data centers out on the open sea

1
00:30:33,950 --> 00:30:38,610
powered by the latest technologies and

1
00:30:36,329 --> 00:30:41,369
harnessing wave energy Google's servers

1
00:30:38,609 --> 00:30:43,379
would sit out on barges the expectation

1
00:30:41,369 --> 00:30:45,179
is that sea bound servers would be much

1
00:30:43,380 --> 00:30:46,680
cheaper to run and there certainly

1
00:30:45,180 --> 00:30:49,980
wouldn't be any real estate or property

1
00:30:46,680 --> 00:30:52,259
taxes to pay a working model has yet to

1
00:30:49,980 --> 00:30:54,329
be built but Google is a corporation of

1
00:30:52,259 --> 00:30:58,769
likes to move quickly when cutting-edge

1
00:30:54,329 --> 00:31:01,109
technology is involved however Google

1
00:30:58,769 --> 00:31:07,259
took its time when it came to opening up

1
00:31:01,109 --> 00:31:09,240
an office in China the vault in internet

1
00:31:07,259 --> 00:31:13,170
usage in China is staggering

1
00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:17,059
by 2009 its Internet users surpassed the

1
00:31:13,170 --> 00:31:17,060
entire population of the United States

1
00:31:21,048 --> 00:31:29,489
as an exploding market made more complex

1
00:31:24,269 --> 00:31:32,219
by censorious government we were late in

1
00:31:29,489 --> 00:31:33,509
entering China we were late because we

1
00:31:32,219 --> 00:31:36,210
were concerned about some of their

1
00:31:33,509 --> 00:31:39,009
content laws

1
00:31:36,210 --> 00:31:40,720
in order for Google to set up an office

1
00:31:39,009 --> 00:31:42,390
in China it had to agree to block

1
00:31:40,720 --> 00:31:44,860
certain sites from its search results

1
00:31:42,390 --> 00:31:49,630
the Chinese government decides who gets

1
00:31:44,859 --> 00:31:52,689
past the Chinese firewall to run Google

1
00:31:49,630 --> 00:31:55,390
in China they landed chi Fuli a senior

1
00:31:52,690 --> 00:31:58,029
executive at Microsoft who was once in

1
00:31:55,390 --> 00:32:01,150
charge of their operations in China in

1
00:31:58,029 --> 00:32:03,639
2005 chi Fuli found himself in the role

1
00:32:01,150 --> 00:32:06,040
of noogler as new Googlers are called

1
00:32:03,640 --> 00:32:08,350
when I joined Google I used the words

1
00:32:06,039 --> 00:32:10,720
Jacques to describe what I felt I saw

1
00:32:08,349 --> 00:32:14,740
and I think is a combination of things

1
00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:16,750
it's a combination of the Google values

1
00:32:14,740 --> 00:32:21,940
and that's just how young and happy this

1
00:32:16,750 --> 00:32:24,160
company was it's my goal to make the

1
00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:27,400
culture in the Google China office as

1
00:32:24,160 --> 00:32:30,310
close as possible to that of Google

1
00:32:27,400 --> 00:32:32,769
Mountain View office it's impossible to

1
00:32:30,309 --> 00:32:33,819
make it exactly the same because the

1
00:32:32,769 --> 00:32:36,539
Chinese culture and the American

1
00:32:33,819 --> 00:32:38,829
cultures are different

1
00:32:36,539 --> 00:32:40,928
nothing separates these two cultures

1
00:32:38,829 --> 00:32:45,399
more than who is actually using the

1
00:32:40,929 --> 00:32:48,370
Internet the average Internet user is 25

1
00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:50,380
years old in China versus about 42 in

1
00:32:48,369 --> 00:32:53,048
the United States so the difference is

1
00:32:50,380 --> 00:32:55,600
substantial and the usage patterns is

1
00:32:53,048 --> 00:32:57,819
also quite different they the Chinese

1
00:32:55,599 --> 00:33:01,649
users because they're younger tend to

1
00:32:57,819 --> 00:33:04,058
like entertainment games music video

1
00:33:01,650 --> 00:33:05,009
tend to do less of searching and

1
00:33:04,058 --> 00:33:07,569
e-commerce

1
00:33:05,009 --> 00:33:09,700
similarly when they use the web they

1
00:33:07,569 --> 00:33:13,269
tend to want something that's very busy

1
00:33:09,700 --> 00:33:16,210
very very exciting as opposed to simple

1
00:33:13,269 --> 00:33:17,918
user interfaces the internet cafes are

1
00:33:16,210 --> 00:33:19,630
filled with young people many of whom

1
00:33:17,919 --> 00:33:22,950
are here because at home they would be

1
00:33:19,630 --> 00:33:25,720
forbidden to play these games and movies

1
00:33:22,950 --> 00:33:28,840
what it seems is not forbidden either

1
00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:35,169
here or at home is downloading pirated

1
00:33:28,839 --> 00:33:39,009
music we noticed that most Chinese users

1
00:33:35,169 --> 00:33:41,559
on the internet download pirated or

1
00:33:39,009 --> 00:33:44,769
unlicensed music through other search

1
00:33:41,558 --> 00:33:47,558
engines and that's become a habit

1
00:33:44,769 --> 00:33:54,220
and I think most users find that to be

1
00:33:47,558 --> 00:33:58,450
an entitlement so our efforts to try to

1
00:33:54,220 --> 00:34:01,259
build perhaps a paid per paper download

1
00:33:58,450 --> 00:34:04,269
or even a subscription service ended up

1
00:34:01,259 --> 00:34:07,000
with a clear conclusion they would never

1
00:34:04,269 --> 00:34:09,639
take off a Google engineer in a product

1
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:12,309
manager used their 20% time to come up

1
00:34:09,639 --> 00:34:14,378
with Google music a free music download

1
00:34:12,309 --> 00:34:17,619
that has the support of the major record

1
00:34:14,378 --> 00:34:22,029
labels so we hope we found the formula

1
00:34:17,619 --> 00:34:24,700
that will not only be successful popular

1
00:34:22,030 --> 00:34:27,929
but also profitable for record labels

1
00:34:24,699 --> 00:34:27,928
and for our partner and for us

1
00:34:28,210 --> 00:34:32,648
well the Chinese government appears to

1
00:34:30,159 --> 00:34:34,419
tolerate the pirating of music it seems

1
00:34:32,648 --> 00:34:36,398
to show less patience for google

1
00:34:34,418 --> 00:34:40,449
recently accusing it of spreading

1
00:34:36,398 --> 00:34:42,159
pornography google is registered in

1
00:34:40,449 --> 00:34:51,638
China so we have to follow the Chinese

1
00:34:42,159 --> 00:34:54,490
laws why are our CID our employees our

1
00:34:51,639 --> 00:34:55,929
Chinese citizens they would have to

1
00:34:54,489 --> 00:34:58,838
follow the Chinese laws wherever they

1
00:34:55,929 --> 00:35:00,608
were following Chinese laws meant that

1
00:34:58,838 --> 00:35:02,739
Google searches from within China for

1
00:35:00,608 --> 00:35:05,230
such things as falen gong to bet

1
00:35:02,739 --> 00:35:07,328
independence or Chinaman Square protests

1
00:35:05,230 --> 00:35:09,490
produced quite different results from

1
00:35:07,329 --> 00:35:12,190
those that appear on screens outside in

1
00:35:09,489 --> 00:35:16,808
China and that's how it operated for

1
00:35:12,190 --> 00:35:18,429
four years when in January 2010 Google

1
00:35:16,809 --> 00:35:21,160
announced that it would stop censoring

1
00:35:18,429 --> 00:35:24,608
its search results due to a major cyber

1
00:35:21,159 --> 00:35:26,769
attack originating in China targeting

1
00:35:24,608 --> 00:35:28,719
Google's intellectual property and the

1
00:35:26,769 --> 00:35:33,250
Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights

1
00:35:28,719 --> 00:35:34,959
activists while China insists that its

1
00:35:33,250 --> 00:35:36,429
laws must be obeyed Google warned that

1
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:38,260
if discussions with the Chinese

1
00:35:36,429 --> 00:35:40,750
government to operate an unfiltered

1
00:35:38,260 --> 00:35:44,369
search engine proved unsuccessful it

1
00:35:40,750 --> 00:35:44,369
could shut down operations in China

1
00:35:45,110 --> 00:35:49,010
however there were no discussions with

1
00:35:46,940 --> 00:35:52,130
the government of the United States when

1
00:35:49,010 --> 00:35:53,930
shortly after September 11th 2001 it

1
00:35:52,130 --> 00:35:56,090
passed legislation that gave itself

1
00:35:53,929 --> 00:35:58,879
broad surveillance Authority allowing

1
00:35:56,090 --> 00:36:02,780
itself unprecedented access to people's

1
00:35:58,880 --> 00:36:06,440
digital footprint and these powers are

1
00:36:02,780 --> 00:36:08,740
quite broad now they range from getting

1
00:36:06,440 --> 00:36:11,000
access to credit reports on individuals

1
00:36:08,739 --> 00:36:13,789
to gaining access to their

1
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:15,889
communications data to more broadly

1
00:36:13,789 --> 00:36:18,590
being able to send a letter to any data

1
00:36:15,889 --> 00:36:20,420
holder and say please reveal all the

1
00:36:18,590 --> 00:36:22,579
information you have about this person

1
00:36:20,420 --> 00:36:25,700
and don't tell them and don't tell

1
00:36:22,579 --> 00:36:30,170
anyone this is the idea of a National

1
00:36:25,699 --> 00:36:31,609
Security Letter at the Electronic

1
00:36:30,170 --> 00:36:35,480
Privacy Information Center in Washington

1
00:36:31,610 --> 00:36:37,849
DC director Marc Rotenberg is concerned

1
00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:39,679
about the new digital information that's

1
00:36:37,849 --> 00:36:43,400
migrating to the clouds of computer

1
00:36:39,679 --> 00:36:45,109
server farms I'm not saying that the

1
00:36:43,400 --> 00:36:46,460
government shouldn't get access to that

1
00:36:45,110 --> 00:36:49,099
information under appropriate

1
00:36:46,460 --> 00:36:52,159
circumstances in fact in some instances

1
00:36:49,099 --> 00:36:55,009
it's it's vital to pursue wrongdoing and

1
00:36:52,159 --> 00:36:57,559
criminal investigations but we need

1
00:36:55,010 --> 00:36:59,780
oversight we need accountability we need

1
00:36:57,559 --> 00:37:02,329
transparency and the problem with cloud

1
00:36:59,780 --> 00:37:05,420
computing is going it's going to make it

1
00:37:02,329 --> 00:37:07,069
much easier for government to engage in

1
00:37:05,420 --> 00:37:09,650
this type of surveillance secretly

1
00:37:07,070 --> 00:37:11,330
without people knowing that their

1
00:37:09,650 --> 00:37:13,610
personal information their business

1
00:37:11,329 --> 00:37:16,190
records are being turned over I've asked

1
00:37:13,610 --> 00:37:18,349
people at Google to simply report

1
00:37:16,190 --> 00:37:20,510
statistics on how many subpoenas and

1
00:37:18,349 --> 00:37:21,980
warrants they get every month they don't

1
00:37:20,510 --> 00:37:23,330
have to say anything else you don't have

1
00:37:21,980 --> 00:37:25,940
to say what the subpoenas are warrants

1
00:37:23,329 --> 00:37:28,429
were about just a number how many do you

1
00:37:25,940 --> 00:37:31,159
receive but they didn't like that

1
00:37:28,429 --> 00:37:33,949
suggestion and and rejected it out of

1
00:37:31,159 --> 00:37:36,989
hand as the Google juggernaut plows

1
00:37:33,949 --> 00:37:39,480
ahead digitizing everything in its path

1
00:37:36,989 --> 00:37:41,669
it accumulates new adherence the city

1
00:37:39,480 --> 00:37:44,369
Washington DC has opted to wean itself

1
00:37:41,670 --> 00:37:46,380
off Microsoft Office and switched to a

1
00:37:44,369 --> 00:37:47,600
collection of Google applications

1
00:37:46,380 --> 00:37:50,340
[Music]

1
00:37:47,599 --> 00:37:51,868
Google's offer of a cheaper more secure

1
00:37:50,340 --> 00:37:54,300
and more collaborative life in their

1
00:37:51,869 --> 00:37:58,170
cloud proved just too enticing to turn

1
00:37:54,300 --> 00:38:00,869
down the trust issue is central to our

1
00:37:58,170 --> 00:38:03,000
whole brand if Google were to violate

1
00:38:00,869 --> 00:38:04,980
someone's trust press of course would

1
00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:06,750
kill us and all of a sudden people would

1
00:38:04,980 --> 00:38:08,340
withhold their information they stopped

1
00:38:06,750 --> 00:38:10,019
searching our revenue would go down to

1
00:38:08,340 --> 00:38:11,460
be a terrible thing terrible for our

1
00:38:10,019 --> 00:38:13,739
company terrible for them

1
00:38:11,460 --> 00:38:15,269
so we take it very very seriously some

1
00:38:13,739 --> 00:38:17,279
people don't trust this naive altruism

1
00:38:15,269 --> 00:38:18,539
that you know we're really trying to

1
00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:20,400
make products that make users better

1
00:38:18,539 --> 00:38:22,230
they see you know some sort of agenda

1
00:38:20,400 --> 00:38:24,090
that we're trying to like you know

1
00:38:22,230 --> 00:38:27,599
control the world or whatever whatever

1
00:38:24,090 --> 00:38:29,400
they see but what can I say you know we

1
00:38:27,599 --> 00:38:33,839
come out of a grad school background and

1
00:38:29,400 --> 00:38:36,000
we don't think like that but Google also

1
00:38:33,840 --> 00:38:38,400
has to worry about a band of young

1
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:41,039
upstarts ready to change the world of

1
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:43,200
search discarding Google's original

1
00:38:41,039 --> 00:38:45,539
model of a data crunching search engine

1
00:38:43,199 --> 00:38:47,879
they are approaching search from a

1
00:38:45,539 --> 00:38:50,670
different angle they want to harness the

1
00:38:47,880 --> 00:38:53,430
power of what was known as the wisdom of

1
00:38:50,670 --> 00:38:56,608
friends I think that this is the place

1
00:38:53,429 --> 00:39:00,000
that is gonna define the next several

1
00:38:56,608 --> 00:39:03,119
years of of what the internet and world

1
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:04,829
is really about so why is it that some

1
00:39:03,119 --> 00:39:07,590
of the leading proponents of social

1
00:39:04,829 --> 00:39:11,480
search or X go blurs ready and willing

1
00:39:07,590 --> 00:39:11,480
to challenge their ex-employer

1
00:39:13,940 --> 00:39:20,190
with almost 20,000 employees worldwide

1
00:39:17,690 --> 00:39:22,710
Google is beginning to see some of its

1
00:39:20,190 --> 00:39:25,679
early hires leaving for what they see as

1
00:39:22,710 --> 00:39:28,320
the next big thing in a down market

1
00:39:25,679 --> 00:39:30,059
district of San Francisco an Internet

1
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:33,240
start-up has an abundance of Google

1
00:39:30,059 --> 00:39:36,119
corporate DNA several of its founders

1
00:39:33,239 --> 00:39:38,509
are ex Googlers but their company

1
00:39:36,119 --> 00:39:43,019
aardvark wants to go beyond Google and

1
00:39:38,510 --> 00:39:44,700
transform search itself we like to call

1
00:39:43,019 --> 00:39:47,880
it social search it's the notion of

1
00:39:44,699 --> 00:39:51,629
you're really searching for the right

1
00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:54,539
person in the moment and and it's not

1
00:39:51,630 --> 00:39:55,769
that you want to know their bio it's

1
00:39:54,539 --> 00:39:59,009
that you really want to interact with

1
00:39:55,769 --> 00:40:00,719
them because they know something that

1
00:39:59,010 --> 00:40:02,340
will help you in your moment sometimes

1
00:40:00,719 --> 00:40:04,980
it's not really written down on a

1
00:40:02,340 --> 00:40:07,200
webpage but someone out there really

1
00:40:04,980 --> 00:40:09,990
does know the answer and we all have

1
00:40:07,199 --> 00:40:15,449
social networks aardvark is basically a

1
00:40:09,989 --> 00:40:17,250
utility that lets you tap into that just

1
00:40:15,449 --> 00:40:19,409
on the highway in a nondescript

1
00:40:17,250 --> 00:40:21,630
industrial mall in Silicon Valley there

1
00:40:19,409 --> 00:40:23,519
is another social network startup with

1
00:40:21,630 --> 00:40:26,220
its own list of very impressive

1
00:40:23,519 --> 00:40:28,710
ex-googler including Paul Buchheit who's

1
00:40:26,219 --> 00:40:32,509
so famously or perhaps infamously coin

1
00:40:28,710 --> 00:40:32,510
Google's motto don't be evil

1
00:40:32,858 --> 00:40:37,690
their tiny company called FriendFeed is

1
00:40:35,679 --> 00:40:39,368
developing a new social network service

1
00:40:37,690 --> 00:40:41,170
that shares and keeps track of what

1
00:40:39,369 --> 00:40:44,318
friends are listening to reading and

1
00:40:41,170 --> 00:40:46,630
posting on the web none of us really

1
00:40:44,318 --> 00:40:48,009
knows what's going to happen next but in

1
00:40:46,630 --> 00:40:50,230
many ways I find that that's actually

1
00:40:48,009 --> 00:40:52,449
part of the fun of us startup you had a

1
00:40:50,230 --> 00:40:54,068
big company I can pretty easily predict

1
00:40:52,449 --> 00:40:55,298
what's gonna happen next year and I

1
00:40:54,068 --> 00:40:57,130
start off you have no idea what's gonna

1
00:40:55,298 --> 00:40:58,929
happen next you know next year could be

1
00:40:57,130 --> 00:41:03,460
could be a huge success or it could be a

1
00:40:58,929 --> 00:41:05,919
huge failure Google had been eyeing

1
00:41:03,460 --> 00:41:07,690
FriendFeed for possible acquisition but

1
00:41:05,920 --> 00:41:10,210
before FriendFeed could even reach his

1
00:41:07,690 --> 00:41:12,909
second year in business it was gobbled

1
00:41:10,210 --> 00:41:16,679
up by social network phenomenon Facebook

1
00:41:12,909 --> 00:41:19,420
4 reported fifty million dollars

1
00:41:16,679 --> 00:41:22,899
Facebook founded by a Harvard dropout in

1
00:41:19,420 --> 00:41:25,298
2004 has undergone an explosive growth

1
00:41:22,900 --> 00:41:27,789
and represents a real challenge to

1
00:41:25,298 --> 00:41:31,929
Google at the same time attracting a

1
00:41:27,789 --> 00:41:34,930
surprising number of ex Googlers I think

1
00:41:31,929 --> 00:41:38,409
leaving Google and choosing to come to

1
00:41:34,929 --> 00:41:40,328
Facebook just demonstrates how compelled

1
00:41:38,409 --> 00:41:43,239
and convinced I am about the importance

1
00:41:40,329 --> 00:41:45,249
of Facebook's mission Facebook along

1
00:41:43,239 --> 00:41:47,440
with Twitter are currently the hottest

1
00:41:45,248 --> 00:41:49,748
social networks around and they have

1
00:41:47,440 --> 00:41:52,659
realized that their kind of friend based

1
00:41:49,748 --> 00:41:55,149
recommendations is a form of search far

1
00:41:52,659 --> 00:41:59,078
removed from Google's cold calculating

1
00:41:55,150 --> 00:42:00,249
algorithms for most people outside of

1
00:41:59,079 --> 00:42:02,289
engineering the world is about

1
00:42:00,248 --> 00:42:04,659
relationships it's about connecting with

1
00:42:02,289 --> 00:42:06,579
other people and to that extent Facebook

1
00:42:04,659 --> 00:42:08,558
really is that next step in the

1
00:42:06,579 --> 00:42:10,749
evolution of what really matters from a

1
00:42:08,559 --> 00:42:12,609
technology perspective Google had in

1
00:42:10,748 --> 00:42:13,980
fact entered the social network market

1
00:42:12,608 --> 00:42:16,929
was something called orchid

1
00:42:13,980 --> 00:42:19,420
although tremendously popular in India

1
00:42:16,929 --> 00:42:21,159
and South America it has failed to

1
00:42:19,420 --> 00:42:24,220
attract any large following among

1
00:42:21,159 --> 00:42:25,868
Europeans and North Americans Google

1
00:42:24,219 --> 00:42:26,980
really didn't jump into the social

1
00:42:25,869 --> 00:42:28,720
networking business and I think that's

1
00:42:26,980 --> 00:42:30,639
partly the personality of the founders I

1
00:42:28,719 --> 00:42:32,649
think they're engineers who you know

1
00:42:30,639 --> 00:42:34,179
small talk with your friends is not the

1
00:42:32,650 --> 00:42:36,460
priority it's getting information from

1
00:42:34,179 --> 00:42:38,048
the scientific world as priority so I

1
00:42:36,460 --> 00:42:40,509
think in some sense there was always a

1
00:42:38,048 --> 00:42:42,460
bias that this was sort of not very

1
00:42:40,509 --> 00:42:43,989
interesting not very important why would

1
00:42:42,460 --> 00:42:45,519
you want to spend time on it and of

1
00:42:43,989 --> 00:42:46,720
course as the world has moved to

1
00:42:45,518 --> 00:42:48,939
Facebook and Twitter

1
00:42:46,719 --> 00:42:50,769
and all those things they've said oh we

1
00:42:48,940 --> 00:42:52,990
can do that technically - sure we can

1
00:42:50,769 --> 00:42:54,670
put Twitter like things into Gmail we

1
00:42:52,989 --> 00:42:58,539
can put Facebook like things we have we

1
00:42:54,670 --> 00:42:59,858
have Orkut but I think the heart of the

1
00:42:58,539 --> 00:43:01,269
company isn't in it it's not what the

1
00:42:59,858 --> 00:43:03,940
company's about it's about information

1
00:43:01,269 --> 00:43:06,730
all the world's information Google

1
00:43:03,940 --> 00:43:08,889
really believes that the data is going

1
00:43:06,730 --> 00:43:12,429
to create incredible benefit for society

1
00:43:08,889 --> 00:43:14,980
the company firmly believes that it's

1
00:43:12,429 --> 00:43:16,690
going to find ways to use data to make

1
00:43:14,980 --> 00:43:19,150
our lives better to make our lives

1
00:43:16,690 --> 00:43:21,429
easier to make decisions more efficient

1
00:43:19,150 --> 00:43:24,309
I firmly believe that for instance with

1
00:43:21,429 --> 00:43:27,190
Flu Trends they believe that in in

1
00:43:24,309 --> 00:43:29,559
tracking individual searches for looking

1
00:43:27,190 --> 00:43:31,269
for things like coffee or or other

1
00:43:29,559 --> 00:43:33,578
medical conditions they are going to

1
00:43:31,269 --> 00:43:35,710
detect the flu they are going to be able

1
00:43:33,579 --> 00:43:38,750
to more effectively target interventions

1
00:43:35,710 --> 00:43:41,809
and fewer people will die

1
00:43:38,750 --> 00:43:43,280
when Google launched its IPO Larry and

1
00:43:41,809 --> 00:43:45,529
Sergey personally wrote a letter

1
00:43:43,280 --> 00:43:48,070
explaining their aspiration for its

1
00:43:45,530 --> 00:43:51,260
future Google is not a conventional

1
00:43:48,070 --> 00:43:54,140
company they wrote we do not intend to

1
00:43:51,260 --> 00:43:56,180
become one googles mission to collect

1
00:43:54,139 --> 00:43:58,368
all the world's information and make it

1
00:43:56,179 --> 00:44:01,069
accessible and useful and do it within

1
00:43:58,369 --> 00:44:03,800
300 years has seen it move far beyond

1
00:44:01,070 --> 00:44:06,530
searching internet sites whether

1
00:44:03,800 --> 00:44:08,720
photographing streets or digitizing the

1
00:44:06,530 --> 00:44:10,609
world's books or turning our mobile

1
00:44:08,719 --> 00:44:12,589
devices into Internet portals or

1
00:44:10,608 --> 00:44:15,619
creating the world's greatest repository

1
00:44:12,590 --> 00:44:18,858
of video in its very own cloud Google

1
00:44:15,619 --> 00:44:20,800
remains a technological phenomenon what

1
00:44:18,858 --> 00:44:24,259
is future rests on something quite

1
00:44:20,800 --> 00:44:26,539
unscientific Trust trust that it is

1
00:44:24,260 --> 00:44:29,270
keeping our data safe from hackers and

1
00:44:26,539 --> 00:44:31,279
snooping government's trust that it is

1
00:44:29,269 --> 00:44:34,340
amiss using our information and

1
00:44:31,280 --> 00:44:39,400
ultimately trust that Google is living

1
00:44:34,340 --> 00:44:39,400
up to its motto don't be evil

1
00:44:42,989 --> 00:44:45,049
you

1
00:44:48,369 --> 00:44:51,369
yeah

1
00:44:55,280 --> 00:45:02,050
every happiness

1
00:44:56,920 --> 00:45:02,050
[Music]

eInfo HQ

Saturday, November 25, 2017

National Geographic Video - Inside Google

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